ABSTRACT
A microcontroller-Based Versatile Stepper Motor System/Trainer has
been designed and implemented in this project. The developed prototype was built
with readily available components including the AT89C51 Microcontroller which
runs the control software and provides a flexible interface to the stepper
motor drive. The control system is capable of driving the stepper motor
clockwise or counterclockwise in full steps or in half steps according to the
need of the stepper motor driven application. The angular displacement for the
stepper motor shaft is 50 per full-step and 2.50 per
half-step but this varies according to the design of each stepper motor. This
prototype can be used to demonstrate the features of a stepper motor that
recommends it for use in incremental motion control where precision and
positioning accuracy are of paramount importance. Examples of such applications
include its use in conveyor belts in pharmaceutical industries, bottling
companies, printers, and many others. If used as a trainer kit in our tertiary
institutions, there is no doubt that it will enhance the know-how of the
students and by extension improve their capacity to help automate our local
industries.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study
Microcontroller based stepper motor
control is an electronic device which transfers control to an attached object
and drives it towards a particular direction in stipulated steps as specified
by the microcontroller, depending on control input signals from the controller,
the stepper motor can be caused to exhibit various effects through specified
mode of operation. It is applied in electromechanical devices were precise or
specific angular movement is being addressed.
The project aim is to witness the
application of stepper motor on devices attached to it, there by experimenting
the movement with the help yielded by this motor. With the aid of control input
buttons, specific directive signals are being set up to activate the stepper
motor which now transfer control to objects/device attached.
The experiments portrayed by this project
are achieved using the control software found in the microcontroller.
1.2 Objective
of the Project
The
Objectives of this project are as follows,
To
design and implement a stepper motor controller by programming the
microcontroller with sequence of actions to carry out as at when due
To
design and implement a stepper motor drive or power circuit
To
design and develop stepper motor base experiments to serve as laboratory work
for students of tertiary institution
To
interface the stepper motor controller to the stepper motor drive using opto isolators
to protect digital circuits from power circuits
To
test the system by performing all the designed experiments with it.
1.3 Justification
of Project
The conventional motor (AC/DC) spin
continuously, with the AC motor having two parts which are the outside
stationary stator and an insider rotor while the stepper motor moves one step
at a time, if we command a stepper motor to move some specific number of steps,
it rotates incrementally that many number of steps and stops. Because of this
basic nature of a stepper motor, it is widely used in low cost open loop
position control system. Open loop control means no feedback information on about the position is needed. This
eliminates the need for expensive sensing and feedback devices such as optical
encoders. In this project, the position is known simply by keeping track of the
number of input step pulses. This fact simply entail that the aim of this
project was actualized.
1.4 Scope of the Project
This project covers the theoretical and
analytic concept behind motors, its origin and advancements made in the
technology. The design of an electronic circuit that will help achieve the
desired objective will be shown in details.
Also discussed are the various components
that will be implemented in the circuit, the pin layout, the wiring schematics
and the complete schematics and packaging of the project.
Moreover, the desired objectives were
compared with the actual outcome based on a set of test data, to determine how
satisfactory the project is, cost analysis shall also be taken into
consideration by looking at how much it takes to develop one system. From this
cost evaluation, one can then simulate cost of mass producing the system. The
problem encountered during the development of the project and the steps taken
to overcome them shall be listed.
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================================================================Item Type: Project Material | Size: 75 pages | Chapters: 1-5
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