ABSTRACT
Many people tend to enjoy use of facilities without control
even when there are bills to settle to guarantee continuity. This project was
born out of the desire to prevent damages and time wastage on control of
industrial equipment. It is designed to control all the facilities (for example
electrical appliances) not only in the hospitality industry but also in
organizations such as schools, for security, safety and elimination of problems
associated with manual switching. The system is a microcontroller-based mains
switch control project which automatically controls AC loads connected to it
through a serial port interface. The switch control system can range from
simply controlling of light without leaving a seat, to being able to switch on
and off industrial electrical devices through a computer interface, so the
system produced will enable the switches to be controlled from one source
(computer system) by simply issuing a command through the interface on the
computer screen to save the time of going from one switch to another to put on
or off the industrial equipments since the switches can be controlled from a
remote system.
CHAPTER
ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND
Man has been
in a continuous quest to improve his well being through reactions to problems
and challenges posed by his environment. For the past decades, computer and
computer communication had gained so much attention and grown tremendously,
that portable and affordable computers have become ubiquitous. Statistics have shown
that most people spend most of their time on computers, connected together by a
network (locally or globally). Since much time is spent on computer systems, it
becomes necessary to design a device for controlling switches from computer.
Switches are so essential that one cannot avoid using them on a daily basis for
putting on or turning off electrical devices, and as a result of these, many
devices have been designed by man to help him conquer these problems and
challenges posed by physical contact with electricity [1]. The switch control
system can range from simply controlling of light without leaving a seat, to
being able to switch on industrial electrical devices through a computer. There
has to be an interface between industrial electrical devices and a controller,
the personal computer (PC) in this case. Interface is required so that the PC
can communicate with other devices. The interface used in this work is the
computer port interface [2]. The microcontroller-based mains switch control
system is made up of several devices connected together; keypads that transmit
commands to the device, the controller that is programmed to put on or off the
appliances automatically via a computer system [9].
It has been
observed that the manual switching of the industrial equipment in the
industrial sector has many problems associated with it, which includes:
Life
of the switch operator might be at risk. Damage of the industrial equipment.
Dissatisfaction
of customers due to damaged equipment. Time wastage.
As a result of the outlined
problems associated with manual switching, the design of a device that will be
able to control switches via a computer system is intended. The system is aimed
at solving the associated problems.
1.2 OBJECTIVES
This research work is aimed at constructing
effective software and hardware for microcontroller-based mains switch control
system. Specifically the objectives are to produce a device that:
v Saves
the time of going from one switch to another to put on or off the industrial
equipments since the switches can be controlled from a remote place (computer
system).
v
Has program control switch, which will help to
reduce the use of manual switches, if not eliminating it completely.
v To
create a system that ensure integrity of the complete microcontroller system
during all forms of environmental stress (shock, transient noise) etc.
v
Removes friction with the use of the program
control switch.
1.3
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The significance of this
research work is that the system is designed to show that it can be useful in
the industrial sector, large or small organization such as schools, hotels and
business centers and governments. The system produced will enable the switches
to be controlled from one source (computer system) by simply issuing a command
through the interface on the computer screen. This work can also create job
opportunities.
§
Time: This work will be able to save
the time it takes to manually go from one device point to another to ensure
that proper measures are taken.
§
Safety: This will prevent human
physical contact with the manual switches, which we know has taken many lives
due to power instability.
§
Cost: The system reduces the cost of
buying switches, which will easily wear out due to frequent use.
§
Home device: This system can equally
reduce stress at home especially when everybody at home is off to work. So it
can be used when
the system in which it is installed is on line by making it a web- based.
§
This work can be used for academic
purpose.
§
Generation of fund: When an
organization makes greater profit, they tend to pay larger tax to the
government.
1.4
THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This project is limited to the
control of electrical devices from a standalone computer system. This prototype
is achieved through the serial port and expected to control up to three
devices, which will be demonstrated with three bulbs via three relays. This is
achieved through an interface with a microcontroller, an integrated circuit
that contains the entire central processing unit of a computer on a single
chip. It can interpret and execute program instructions as well as handle
arithmetic operations [1]. Their development in the late 1970s enabled computer
engineers to develop microcomputers. Microprocessors led to
"intelligent" terminals, such as bank ATMs and point-of-sale devices,
and to automatic control of much industrial instrumentation and hospital
equipment, programmable microwave ovens, and electronic games. Many automobiles
use microprocessor-controlled
ignition and fuel systems. In essence, the microprocessor contains the core
elements of a computer system, its computation and control engine.
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