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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table Page
Abstract
Table of Contents
Chapter One: Introduction and Background Study
1.0. Conceptual Premise
1.1. Historical and Literary
Background of Africa American
1.2. Statement of the Research
Problem
1.3. Aim and Objectives of the
Study
1.4. Justification and Significance
of Study
1.5. Scope and Delimitation
1.6. Methodology
1.7. Theoretical Framework
Conclusion
Chapter Two: Literature Review
2.1. The Unconscious as a Reservoir
in Psychoanalysis
2.2. Trauma and ‗The Unconscious‘
Conclusion
Chapter Three: Toni Morrison‘s A Mercy: ―The return of the Repressed
3.1. Repressive Signs in A Mercy‟s
Characters: Psychosis, Neurosis and Obsessions
3.2. Voicing it out: ―The
Talking-Cure
3.3. Defective
Family Dynamic: The
Unconscious Determinant in
Morrison‘s Female Protagonists
Conclusion
Chapter Four: Trauma and ‗The Unconscious‘ in Gloria Naylor‘s The
Women of Brewster
Place
4.1.The ‗Birth‘ of Brewster Place
4.2. ―A Dream Deferred
4.3.Characters and the Unconscious
Motivation
4.4.Collective and Communal Healing
Conclusion
Chapter Five: Myth as a Repository of the Unconscious and Cultural
Identity in Gloria Naylor‘s Mama Day
5.1. Carl Jung and Mythological
Criticism
5.2. The Myth of ‗Willow Spring‘
5.3. Quilting and Earth Mothers:
Archetypes for Cultural Memory
Conclusion
Chapter Six: Summary and Conclusion
References
ABSTRACT
The study of Psychoanalysis over the years has helped to
reveal the relation between the mind, language and personality trait which are
not easily observable or revealed in our regular acts and use of language. By
placing much emphasis on literary elements such as metaphor, metonym or
symbols, literary psychoanalysis has contributed to the exploration of
repressed thoughts, motives and feelings and their uses as narrative
techniques. This to a very large extent determines individual behaviours. In
this study, a Psychoanalytic Reading of „the Unconscious‟ and Trauma in Toni
Morrison‟s A Mercy and Gloria Naylor‟s The
Women of Brewster Place and Mama Day; Sigmund Freud and Carl
Jung psychoanalytical critical models are employed in the analysis of the
selected texts. Each of them has addressed human personality from different
directions. While for Freud, most human behaviour traits are motivated by
factors which the individuals are not even aware of which he calls „the
unconscious‟, such as the childhood experience; For Jung, human personality and
identity can be revealed when we pay significant attention to myths and other
similar symbols that reoccur in our history which he calls archetypes. Using
these psychoanalytical postulations, this study establishes that though socio-political,
historical and cultural factors influence personality traits (motives and
actions) of characters in the selected texts, the unconscious which is not
easily discernable equally plays significant roles to establish a more complete
and fuller process of human behaviour. These characters are significantly
„types‟ as they represent individuals or collectives in the
African American society. Hence, their portrayal in this study is ultimately
aimed at revealing the individual/collectives‟ personality of the African
America women and their experiences. Finally, this research has arrived at the
finding that conflicts involving characters‟ behaviours or actions can be
psychoanalyzed and resolved if transformed into narratives and storytelling.
This is known as “talking/writing cure”.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND STUDY
1.0.
Conceptual Premise
This study
shows the relationship between literary creativity and psychology especially
with focus on the unconscious and trauma in Toni Morrison‘s A Mercy and
Gloria Naylor‘s
The Women of Brewster Place and
Mama Day. The selected novels present characters whose behaviours,
actions and inactions are ‗absurd‘ or illogical because they are threats to
either themselves or others around them. In most cases such personality traits
are indications of some unaddressed psychological conflicts in the unconscious
minds of those characters. A psychoanalytical reading therefore examine the
characters in selected novels in order to determine how the unconscious has
given rise or contributed in shaping the characters‘ behaviours, taking into
considerations the situations and circumstances these characters find
themselves. These characters are significantly ‗types‘ as they represent
individuals or collectives in the Africa American society and their portrayal
in this study is ultimately aimed at revealing individual/collective
personality of the African America women and their experiences.
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