ABSTRACT
This research work centered on the effect posed by overcrowding on the teaching and learning agricultural education in tertiary institution of Kano state in secondary schools in Ibadan South West local government area. This study was aimed at finding how class size has an impact on academic achievement on students. The researcher made effort to review books, journals and other resources relating to the different headings incorporated in the literature review. The study population for this study composed of 80 students in Kano university of Science and technology, Kano state. The instrument used to collect data for this study was questionnaire. The data was analyzed through SPSS computer package. The result obtained indicate that a significant relationship exist between class size and academic achievement.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The class size, which include the classrooms, libraries, technical workshops, laboratories, teachers’ quality, school management, teaching methods, peers, etc are variables that affect teaching and learning of agricultural education (Ajayi, 2001 and Oluchukwu, 2000). Hence, the class size remains an important area that should be studied and well managed to enhance teaching and learning of agricultural education.
The issue of poor academic achievement of students in Nigeria has been of much concern to the government, parents, teachers and even student themselves. The quality of education not only depends on the teachers as reflected in the performance of their duties, but also in the effective coordination of the class size (Ajao 2001) class size which include instructional spaces planning, administrative places planning, circulation spaces planning, spaces for conveniences planning, accessories planning, the teachers as well as the students themselves are essential in teaching-learning process. The extent to which student learning could be enhanced depends on their location within the school compound, the structure of their classroom, availability of instructional facilities and accessories. It is believed that a well-planned school will gear up expected outcomes of education that will facilitate good social, political and economic emancipation, effective teaching and learning process and academic achievement of the students.
Relating this study to international occurrences are the assertions of Williams, Persaud, and Turner (2008), quoting Marsden (2005), which reported that safe and orderly classroom environment (aspect of instructional space), School facilities (accessories) were significantly related to teaching and learning of agricultural education in schools. The three researchers, also quoted Glassman (1994), asserting that a comfortable and caring environment among other treatments helped to contribute to students` academic achievement.
The physical characteristics of the school have a variety of effects on teachers, students, and the learning process. Poor lighting, noise, high levels of carbon dioxide in classrooms, and inconsistent temperatures make teaching and learning difficult. Poor maintenance and ineffective ventilation systems lead to poor health among students as well as teachers, which leads to poor performance and higher absentee rates (Frazier, 2002)
Lyons, 2001; and Ostendorf, 2001). These factors can adversely affect student behavior and lead to higher levels of frustration among teachers, and poor learning attitude among student. Beyond the direct effects that poor facilities have on students’ ability to learn, the combination of poor facilities, which create an uncomfortable and uninviting workplace for teachers, combined with frustrating behavior by students including poor concentration and hyperactivity, lethargy, or apathy, creates a stressful set of working conditions for teachers. Because stress and job dissatisfaction are common pre-cursors to lowered teacher enthusiasm, it is possible that the aforementioned characteristics of school facilities have an effect upon the academic achievement of students.
Previous studies have investigated the relationship of poor class size including problems with student-teacher ratio, school location, school population, classroom ventilation, poor lighting in classrooms, and inconsistent temperatures in the classroom with student health problems, student behavior, and student achievement (Crandell & Smaldino, 2000; Davis, 2001; Johnson, 2001; Lyons, 2001; Moore, 2002;
Stricherz, 2000; Tanner, 2000). To complement these studies, the present research is to examine the aforementioned areas of overcrowding as it affect students performance in Nigerian schools.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
A student faces a lot of problem in the course of his educational pursuit. These problems are multifaceted. The research is concerned with the effect of the class size with special reference to student’s academic attainment and possible solution to the problem. The alarming poor performance in examination is definitely of great concern to the researcher who sees the study as inevitable.
It is noted that students’ performance at Kano state University of Science and Technology level at private and public schools differs due to environmental constraints.
The high levels of teaching and learning of agricultural education may not be guaranteed where instructional space such as classrooms, libraries, technical workshops and laboratories are structurally defective. However, little is known on the impact of overcrowding on teaching and learning of agricultural education in Kano state University of Science and Technology in Kano State.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The following are the objectives of the study:
1. ascertain the impact of less crowded classroom on the effective teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in Kano state University of Science and Technology in Kano Stata.
2. determine the impact of classroom building on the effective teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in Kano state University of Science and Technology.
3. determine the impact of adequate class furniture on the effective teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in Kano state University of Science and Technology.
4. ascertain the impact of the availability of resources on the effective teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in Kano state University of Science and Technology.
1.4 Research Questions
The following questions are raised with regard to this research:
1. what is the impact of less crowded classroom on the effective teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in Kano state University of Science and Technology?
2. what is the impact of classroom building on the effective teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in Kano state University of Science and Technology?
3. what is the impact of the provision of adequate class furniture on the effective teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in Kano state University of Science and Technology?
4. what is the impact of the availability of resources on the effective teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in Kano state University of Science and Technology?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The following are the research hypotheses:
1. there is no significant difference in the effective teaching and learning taught in a less crowded classroom and those in a overcrowded classroom in Kano State.
2. there is no significant difference in the effective teaching and learning taught using instructional resources and those taught without instructional resources in Kano State.
1.6 Significance of the Study
It is hoped that this study would provide information for parents, educators and school administrators to reflect upon various factors that help students in achieving their academic goals. In so doing, they can investigate the possibility of introducing those factors to their school, which may consequently lead to enhancing students’ educational outcomes in school. In addition, the fact that this study is conducted in Agric Education in Kano state University of Science and Technology, it shares quite a lot of similarities with many other counterparts.
In this connection, this study provides a valuable reference for other schools to reflect upon the school environment as it affect the academic achievement of student in secondary school.
Also, this work would serve as a stepping stone to other researchers, who are looking for better ways to solve the problem of overcrowding and teaching and learning of agricultural education in Kano state University of Science and Technology in Agric education, a case study of Kano state University of Science and Technology in Kano State.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The scope of this work is to cover Kano state University of Science and Technology.
The subjects of this study are junior school.
It is hoped that the findings made in these areas would serve as a useful pointer to what occurs in other areas of the state and in other part of the federation knowing fully well that students encounter different environmental constraint.
For more Education Projects Click here
===================================================================Item Type: Project Material | Size: 55 pages | Chapters: 1-5
Format: MS Word | Delivery: Within 30Mins.
===================================================================
No comments:
Post a Comment
Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.