Abstract
This research was conducted on “Assessment of Solid Waste Disposal Practices in Majidadi ‘B’ ward in the Bauchi metropolis” aimed at assessing the nature and the methods used by the users of the area, which was first carried out through survey with the use of structured questionnaires to some persons chosen from the study area. The total population for the study is 200 residents in Majidadi ‘B’ ward in the Bauchi metropolis. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made civil servants, youths, married men and married women were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Solid waste management has become a global problem especially in developing countries of the world. One of the major factors that directly contribute to solid waste generation is urbanization and population growth. Solid wastes could be defined as non-liquid and nongaseous products of human activities, regarded as being useless (Babayemi and Dauda, 2009). It could take the forms of refuse, garbage and sludge (Leton and Omotosho, 2004). In developing countries such as Nigeria, open dumping of solid wastes into wetlands, watercourses, drains and burrow pit is a prevalent form of disposal. This practice has sometimes resulted in the littering of the surroundings, creates eyesore and odour nuisance (Ihuoma, 2012). Sangodoyin (1993) stated that open dumping of wastes serves as breeding place for flies, insects and rats. The proliferation of flies, insects and rats in the vicinity of a refuse dumpsite is due to the presence of putrescible components. The flies are capable of transmitting diseases through contact with food and water such as dysentery and diarrhea. The unsanitary mode of disposal of wastes, such as defecation in streams and the dumping of refuse in pits, rivers and drainage channels could be expected to affect surface and groundwater quality (Sangodoyin, 1991). Hence, the management and control of wastes at all stages of production, collection, transportation, treatment and ultimate disposal is a relatively social imperative (Salami et al, 2011). Afon (2007) observed that, little documentation of the quantity and composition of wastes generated in different areas of African cities, are limiting the capacity to develop effective waste management systems. Kabir et al, 2003 narrated that waste generation occurs in virtually all human activities and that its management in society has been a challenge for as long as people have gathered together in sufficient numbers. Proper management of solid waste is critical to the health and well-being of urban residents (WorldBank, 2003). Bauchi metropolis, like most cities in the developing world several tons of municipal solid waste is left uncollected on the streets each day, clogging drains, creating feeding ground for pests that spread diseases and creating myriad of related health and infrastructural problems. A substantial part of the urban residents in the old city have very little or no access to solid waste collection services. This is due to lack of proper land use planning which resulted in the creation of informal settlement with narrow streets that make it difficult for collection trucks to reach many areas. Nijiribeako lamented that the sheer magnitude of the solid waste problem in Nigeria is hard to comprehend. There are not enough public waste receptacles, and solid waste dumps are located in the side of the highway.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Without an effective and efficient solid-waste management program, the waste generated from various human activities, both industrial and domestic, can result in health hazards and have a negative impact on the environment. Understanding the waste generated, the availability of resources, and the environmental conditions of a particular society are important to developing an appropriate waste-management system (Tay-joo et al., 2007). Factors influencing household solid waste management include; lack of awareness, proper waste management equipment and facilities, laws and policies and low income to help improve solid waste management systems among the households (Issam et al., 2010). On this background the researcher wants to assess solid waste disposal practices in residential building
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study covers;
1. To determine the types of waste generated by households
2. To assess solid waste handling methods at house hold level.
3. To ascertain the effect of solid waste disposal to environment
4. To ascertain the strategies and options available to deal with challenges of household solid waste management practices
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher;
H0: there are no types of waste generated by households
H1: there are types of waste generated by households
H02: there is no effect of solid waste disposal to environment
H2: there is effect of solid waste disposal to environment
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will very significant to students, ministry of environment and the general public. Safe and acceptable solid waste management practices are of serious concern from the public health point of view. The concern comes from both poor policies and solutions proposed by all associated authorities of the government for the management of solid waste and a perception that many solid waste management facilities use poor operating procedures. The study will suggest solutions to solid waste management
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study covers an assessment of solid waste disposal practices in residential building. The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;
a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
c) Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
SOLID WASTE: Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, .
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING: A residential building is defined as the building which provides more than half of its floor area for dwelling purposes. In other words, residential building provides sleeping accommodation with or without cooking or dining or both facilities.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD: An environmental hazard is a substance, a state or an event which has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment / or adversely affect people's health, including pollution and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes
1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding. Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study
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