ABSTRACT
The major aim of this project was to carry out an investigation into the examination malpractice in national development, in Tertiary institutions in Kwara state.
In the study. The survey design was adopted in this research work in order to carry out an assessment of public opinion of the respondents on the attitudinal behaviour of students towards examination malpractice. The questionnaire technique was used to collect necessary data. The stratified sampling technique was used to collect necessary data. The stratified sampling technique was adopted to select the respondents (male/female) students which represented the entire population of the students in the selected tertiary institutions.
The t-test statistical tool was used to determine whether there was significant difference between the students who involve themselves in examination malpractice especially in Mathematics and English Language subjects and those who do not.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the background to the study, the definition of concepts, statement of the problem and the aim of the study. It also presents the research objectives and questions, the theoretical framework, the methodology and methods, the significance of the problem as well as the delimitations and limitations of the study.
1.1Background of study
Education is an important instrument that can be used to objectively evaluate and assess students’ learning outcomes and ability to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of different concepts or ideas. Actions and practices that undermine the integrity of the examination process, therefore, pose a serious threat to the quality and credibility of the students’ learning outcomes. Examination malpractices are an example of such actions that threaten the integrity of examinations, and/or damage the authority of those responsible for conducting them. Examination malpractices are also a threat to the validity and reliability of the educational system. They are harmful not only to the moral development, but also the intellectual development of learners. Examination malpractices are a serious and growing problem in Nigeria. They have become widespread so that there is virtually no examination without incidences of malpractice (Chileshe, 2010).
An examination malpractice is defined as deliberate wrong doing contrary to official examination rules. It places a candidate at an unfair advantage or disadvantage. Factually, it is any illegal act committed by a student single-handedly or in collaboration with others, like fellow pupils, parents, lecturers, supervisors or invigilators; before, during or after an examination in order to obtain underserved marks or grades. It is any illegal behaviour exhibited by a candidate or anybody charged with the conduct of examinations before, during or after examinations that contravenes the rules and regulations governing the conduct of such examinations (Lambert, 2003).
If left unchecked, examination malpractices can lead to the incubation of potentially corrupt and incompetent future workforce. Consequently, there is a need for a thorough re-examination of what predisposes us to such unhealthy acts. Only from such a re- examination can we be sure to change the current trends in examination malpractices.
Evidence abounds worldwide of increasing incidents of examination malpractices by learners at primary and tertiary institutions as well as at colleges. Such malpractices conflict with the core purpose of education which is for the training of mind and character, for the acquisition of practical and theoretical skills, knowledge and functional ideas for development and for the search for truth and knowledge and the creation and communication of ideas (Nanna, 1997 as cited in Aaron, 1992). In short, examination malpractices have become a global quagmire. In many countries the world-over academic dishonesty, in the form of examination malpractices, has heightened and has taken on frightening dimensions. It is therefore important to have a better appreciation of the effects of examination malpractices from an ethical perspective.
1.2Statement of the problem
Examination malpractices are a serious and punishable offence leading to instant disqualification of candidates or dismissal of the official involved. However, many perpetrators of the scourge are not caught or are simply ignored. Even when the perpetrators are caught and convicted, examination malpractices continue unabated. This could be because the causes and effects of examination malpractices have not been fully appreciated. It is, as a result, imperative that both the causes and the effects of examination malpractices be assessed from an ethical perspective.
1.3Aim of the study
To analyze the causes and effects of examination malpractices on effective learning in tertiary institutions in Kwara state.
1.4 Objectives of study
1. To investigate the nature and extent of examination malpractices in Tertiary institutions in Kwara state.
2. To establish the causes of examination malpractices in Tertiary institutions in Kwara state.
3. To explore the measures that have been taken to combat examination malpractices in Tertiary institutions in Kwara state.
4. To make an ethical assessment of the causes and effects of examination malpractices in Tertiary institutions in Kwara state.
1.5 Research questions
The following research questions were posed to guide the conduct of this study.
i. To what extent can the problem of examination malpractice be solved?
ii. How can we identify the culprits of examination malpractice?
iii. How do we determine the extent of damages examination malpractices has done to national development?
iv. To what extent does examination malpractice affect effective learning among students?
v. Who do we blame for examination malpractice?
1.6 Significance of the study
Examination malpractices pose a great threat to the validity and reliability of the education system. They introduce a trend that is harmful not only to moral development, but also to the intellectual development of youths in that, if not controlled graduates produced will lack the moral discipline, knowledge, skills and competence to exploit the resources at their disposal. Measures have been put in place to try and arrest the trend, but to no avail. It is, therefore, important to make an ethical evaluation of the causes and effects of examination malpractices. This would of benefit to not only the learners and the educational system but also to the nation as a whole.
1.7 Delimitations and limitations
The study was restricted to Tertiary institutions in Kwara state. It did not look at each and every school in Nigeria; The research was limited in subject scope, as it mainly focused on the ethical dimensions involved in examinations in Nigeria. Issues related to the distribution and writing of examinations was outside of the scope of the research.
1.8 Limitations of study
The researcher faced some challenges during the study. In some instances, the intended respondents were unavailable even after having made an appointment, or had simply changed their minds about being part of the study. Some parents expressed skepticism towards the researcher that she might have been a reporter or someone just trying to spy on them.
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