ABSTRACT
This project was aimed at producing a digital
topographical plan of the Methodist High School, Owo in Ondo State. The first
chapter of the project covers the introductory aspects. Literature review was
discussed in chapter two, and chapter three talked about the methodology.
Hence, reconnaissance surveys both field and office were
carried out in order to be familiar with the nature of the terrain and the
requisition and assembling together of viable information from both primary and
secondary sources of data respectively. The spatial data were acquired through
the use of total station. The processes of traversing, leveling, spot heighting
and detailing were simultaneous carried out with the use of the digital
equipment (i.e total station), in the determination of the spatial coordinates
(Northings, Eastings and Heights) of the boundary stations proposed for future
developments (spot heighting). In the database design, creation and management
stage, Arcview GIS 3.2A was used to design the spatial database.
Spatial analysis and presentation were discussed in
chapter four. The topographical plan of the area of study was produced in soft
copy at a scale of 1,5000. The interpretation of this plan support decision
making policy needed by Environmental-oriented professionals (such as Estate
Surveyors, Engineers, urban and regional planners, Architects and
even land surveyors) to plan, design and execute vital infrastructural projects.
Conclusively, chapter five contained the summary, conclusions and
recommendations.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF STUDY
Topographical survey
constitute of a very important tool, enabling the platform upon which the
design, and implementation of most physical and infrastructural development on
the surface of the earth were based.
The production of
topographical plans as a type of geographical document is characterized by
small or large scaled detailed and qualitative representation of relief using
contour line. Hence both man-made and natural feature can be properly and
adequately depicted in a topographical plan.
The increased advancement in
digital surveying technology based on the use of modern sophisticated computers
and digital survey equipments and the availability of new tools had transformed
topographical map production from the traditional and conventional techniques
into digital techniques. Currently, the availability of fast computer and
digital data acquisition technology and digital data processing along with
information presentation technology have brought a revolution into map making
through the GIS application. And these make decision making easy and faster.
The invent
of GIS database (which is flexible and versatile) is necessary to meet the need
of the fast growing economic situation that demand more effective and efficient
decision making in land use and general urban planning system. Hence in
achieving such an accurate and versatile database of any information system,
its design (model) and implementation must be handled with proper care and high
integrity, in order to provide the user with refined, accurate and adequate
information. Queries can be formulated by the users such as queries of the
information system that answers to his or her questions, provided by the
information has to be presented to him or her either graphically or in alpha
numeric format.
Topographic survey technique
systematically and analytically provide coordinate values of relevant features
such as buildings, roads electric poles, bore holes in horizontal and vertical
dimension including points on the ground surface in addition to spot heights
value of the area from which contours are drawn. Structuring the data which are
obtained by surveying technique and finally by using high speed digital
electronic computer with appropriate programme (software) to design and create
database for relevant features and to interpolate elevation at any place.
Therefore information generated and
analysed could be used for various designs of engineering project and
environmental based applications such as roads, drainages, bridges, large
structures and structural buildings.
The major sources of data for
topographic information system include the following:
1)
Field surveying method using GPS,
total station
2)
Manual digitizing using digitizer
3)
Scanning by using scanners
4)
Aerial images
5)
Satellite images
This
project deals with the production of digital topographic plan of Methodist High School, Owo in Ondo State. The data
were acquired with the use of total station. Also, with the use of automated
hardware and software, the data could then be further processed.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF PROBLEM
Environmental development is
on an increase rate, where by new structures are erected on daily basis and
changes are caused to the physical earth surface which need rapid and regular
updating of various developmental projects within the environment.
The use of analogue equipment
has always been a problem especially in the human stress and updating of
different changes cause to the environs. It is difficult to accurately and
timely update topographic map with the use of the old analogue survey
instrument.
The introduction of
sophisticated computers, modern technology and methods for digital topographic
map production, had really help to overcome the prevailing problems, associated
with analogue method of topographic plan production. Information got from the
previous analogue method of plan production had effect on planning and
construction of necessary amenities such as roads pipeline, construction,
buildings, electricity and water network system needed in the institution for
easy planning and further development. But with the new modern digital
equipment digital production of topographic plan of Methodist High School, Owo
in Ondo State could be achieved and used for effective decision making policy.
Morealso, to achieve an
orderly and sustainable development, the creation of a viable spatial database
including its associated graphic information for the project site is also very
needed.
1.3 AIM
AND OBJECTIVES
1.3.1
Aim
The aim of the project is to
produce a digital topographic map of Methodist High School, Owo in Ondo State
with the application of digital survey equipments including geographic
information system (GIS) techniques. Hence, with this new techniques the cost
of updating, manipulating and analyzing spatial geographic information could be
reduced to a minimum level.
1.3.2
Objectives
In achieving the above state
aim, the following objectives below includes:
1)
Spatial and attribute data of
Methodist High School, Owo were acquired
2)
The processing of the data using
Surfer 8 and CAD software.
3)
Spatial queries and analysis were
also adequately performed using Arc view
4)
Adequate presentation of
information and data management using Arc view software
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The
production of digital topographic plan will enhance adequate, timely and easy
access to topographic information and accurate update of the
topographic plan. This will ensure currency of topographic information for
diverse infrastructural development within the environment.
With the aid of the available
sophisticated hardware and software, digital terrain model that can be used to
view the features could be created. Within the project area, terrain analysis
and generation of a variety of products with its software can be performed
effectively.
1.5 SCOPE
OF THE PROJECT
The
scope of the project consists in:
1)
Data acquisition: The
geometric (spatial) and attribute data were captured through the use of
total station, including oral interviews and renew of manuals further attribute
data collection
2)
Data processing: This
involves the conversion of the acquired data from the field into
different functions using appropriate software. In this project the X, Y, Z
coordinates of station points were obtained, store downloaded in the computer
system and processed in order to achieve the desirable result. The application
of database management system was also very vital for proper query and analysis
of the spatial data
3)
Analysis and Information
presentation: The final result obtained
from the processed data were presented both in the soft copy and hard copy
format. Auto card 2002 and Arc view softwares were used extensively for the
digital map production
comprising the graphic information and the attribute data.
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Item Type: Project Material | Size: 61 pages | Chapters: 1-5
Format: MS Word | Delivery: Within 30Mins.
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