ABSTRACT
This study was a
survey that identified the causes and effects of deviant behaviour among
secondary school students in Olorunsogo local government of oyo state, Nigeria.
Target population of the study comprised of all the 127,124 Senior Secondary
Schools Students in Olorunsogo local government of oyo state, Nigeria. However,
sample for the study consisted of 2,750 SS 11 Students selected from 12
Secondary Schools across the 4 Education Zones in the State. 1,500 subjects
were selected from Male Secondary Schools and 1,250 were selected from Female
Secondary Schools in the State. Stratified random sampling technique was
adopted in picking subjects for the study. The stratification was based on
school type, location and gender. Researchers self designed questionnaire
tagged Causes and Effects of Deviant behaviour Questionnaire (CETQ) was the instrument
used to collect data for the study. The instrument was divided into three parts
(A, B and C). Part A obtained information on biodata of the respondents; part B
elicited data on causes of deviant behaviour while part C was on the effects of
deviant behaviour among secondary school students in Olorunsogo local
government of oyo state, Nigeria. Descriptive statistical techniques of
frequency counts and percentages were used to analyze the research questions.
The responses were further ranked to give a pictorial view of the respondents
rating of each item on the instrument while t-test was used in testing the
null-hypotheses at 0.05 confidence level. Results of the study indicated
examination phobia, peer influence, single parenting and lack of books as the
major causes of deviant behaviour while less value attached to education, lack
of parental affection, anxiety and non-familiarity with attendance laws as the
minor causes. The study revealed poor academic performance and school dropout
as the major effects of deviant behaviour while self hatred and indulgence in
drugs were the minor effects. It also revealed that no significant differences
exist between school type, location, gender and deviant behaviour among
secondary school students. The implications of these findings to counselling
were discussed.
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Deviant behaviour is a behaviour portraying a departure from social norms.
According to Chamber Dictionary 1st edition, deviant behaviour
means to deviate from the norms of particular people, society or school. Such
behaviour or activities include crime, drunkenness, indiscipline, drug
addiction, bribery and corruption, absenteeism in school and many others.
Michael S. (2004) defined deviant behaviour as that type of behaviour that is
contrary to norms and the rules of the study. Nigeria society today is
developing; therefore it requires education system that will ensure her
development. Hence the Nigeria education system must stimulate the spirit of
patriotism and lay the solid foundation for national and international
understanding and cooperation in children. Due to this fact, the education of
the youth is very important in order to ensure the citizens to the social and
economic development of the country as well as raising the standard of living
generally.
Deviant
behaviour is one of the major dishonesties or delinquent behaviours committed
by students in contemporary Nigeria irrespective of school type, gender and
location. Sara (2014) perceived deviant behaviour as a serious delinquent
behaviour characterized by students that often leads to other deviant
behaviours. Ukanyiroha (2003) defined deviant behaviour as running away from school
or classes without the consent of school authorities. That is the habitual
staying away of students from school/class without permission to avoids
responsibilities such as assignments, test, examinations and other
extra-curricular activities. Odoemelan (2004) also defined deviant behaviour as
keeping away from school during school hours with neither the permission of the
parents nor school authorities with a view to avoiding punishment, dodging
specific functions and neglecting certain lawful school duties.
Robinson (2006) viewed deviant behaviour
as the extroverts’ reaction to school problem however, introverts too play
deviant behaviour especially at teenage age. Truants are irregular in attending
school, a few may choose to come once or twice in a week or may show up in the
morning and disappear later while some are persistently absent without any good
or acceptable reason either by the parents or school authorities. Hopson (2006)
described truants as vagabonds, wretched, lazy, idle persons who shirk or
neglect responsibilities and plan to go contrary to the provisions of the
school rules such as attending to movies, attending special events, prepare for
nights, playing games during school hours but outside school, avoid wearing
school uniform, failure to serve punishment, engaging in substance abuse and
cultism. Other maladaptive or anti-social behaviours characterized by truants
include hyperactivity, disruptive classroom behaviour, bullying, shyness,
skipping classes, indiscipline in school, disregard for school authority, poor
performance and ultimately becomes a school dropout.
While deviant behaviour is frequently
defined as absence from school without prior knowledge of the parents,
guardians and/or the school authority but self/personal initiation of the
students concern, Baker (2007) expressed that the two dimensions of absenteeism
which are missing full days of school and missing some classes should be
observed. Baker further stressed that truants missed individual classes and
full school days due to a number of integrated problems and that without
adequate and proper timely intervention will escalate and metamorphose into
serious societal problem overtime. Loober & Faington (2003) and Baker
(2007) expressed that some truants have personal issues that make regular
school attendance difficult such as chronic physical health problem, family
socio-economic challenges like helping the younger siblings or contributing
extra income for the up keep of the family. Others could be the social setting
itself or academic needs that are not being met.
A
report compiled by the Los Angeles County Department of Education in 1999 as
cited by Sara (2014) indicated that chronic absenteeism is the principal
predictor of delinquency among youths. Furthermore, a California Deputy
Assistant Attorney (2000) who handles cases of deviant behaviour stated that he
has ‘never seen a gang member who was not a truant first’ because they fall
along the same continuum of behaviours and the obvious end result is dropout of
school. Kaupman (2001) added that approximately eighty percent of school
dropouts were initially truants and the consequences are detrimental on the
individual, parents/guardians and the wider society.
Generally, children copy from those they
live with as their role models and families are the first and immediate people
children learn and copy from hence serve as agent of socialization and role
model for the siblings. Mbuha (2009) reported that few truants received either
affection or training from their parents/guardians. Those that came from
families where affection and moral training are available tend to acquire good
habits and morals while the reverse is the case for those that lack parental
affection and moral training. Mora (2007) observed that some parents in Nigeria
recognized the importance of sending their younger ones to school but do not
see the need to provide learning facilities (text books, exercise books,
pen/pencil, mathematical instrument, school bags, uniforms, sandals and socks),
pocket money and opportunities at home
to support what the child has learn. Inability to provide learning facilities
by parents/guardians will make a child becomes truant for fear of being
punished at school or being laughed at by peers. Additionally, Mbuha (2009)
explicitly stated that those students whose parents/guardians are unable to pay
their school fees in good time tend to skip school/classes to avoid
embarrassment from their mates who would continue to mock them for not settling
their fees as at when due.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Epstein and Sheldon (2002) expressed
that about one third (1/3) to a half (1/2) of the cases of deviant behaviour
came from the low income class and single parenting. For economic reasons
especially those living with their step mothers have to fetch water, hawk
bread, pure water, ‘moimoi’or ‘akamu’ before going to school and late
arrival usually attracts penalties. Some students will prefer deviant behaviour
to punishment. In other words, they will choose to stay away from school then
to go late and get punished. Gumsumi (2006) considered medical and teachers’
attitude as the factors causing students’ deviant behaviour. Students suffering
from sickle cell, calcium, diabetes and sight problems or crippled would be
skipping school or class hours to be attending hospitals periodically for
medical checkup and that most teachers are harsh on students especially the
untrained or uncertified teachers who lack teaching methods and find it
difficult to comprehend the curriculum and relate the relevant message to
students will end up punishing students unnecessarily. Such teachers’ attitude
will discourage students and start feeling that the school offers them
virtually little or nothing thus cultivates the habit of absenting from school.
Deviant behaviour is one of the
delinquent behaviours of non-adult individuals in the society which is judged
by the society as bad. Deviant behaviour is in the increase particularly among
secondary school students in Olorunsogo local government of oyo state, Nigeria
and a nation with uncontrolled cases of delinquents is characterized by
unproductive citizens, poor national growth and development. Deviant behaviour
could push one out of school (dropout), becomes daring and turn into armed
robber or murderer. This act if not checked will get to undesirable level and
the society will be losing and living in fears. As a result, there is the need
to identify the possible causes and effects of deviant behaviour among
secondary school students
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This
study is designed to identify and determine the:
1.
Causes of deviant behaviour among secondary school
students in Olorunsogo local government of oyo state, Nigeria
2.
Causes of deviant behaviour among secondary school
students in Olorunsogo local government of oyo state, Nigeria based on school
type, gender and school location
3.
Effects of deviant behaviour among secondary school
students in Olorunsogo local government of oyo state, Nigeria
4.
Relationship between deviant behaviour school type,
gender and school location of secondary school students in Olorunsogo local
government of oyo state, Nigeria
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following research questions were
answered in this study:
1.
What are the causes of deviant behaviour among
secondary school students in Olorunsogo local government of oyo state, Nigeria?
2.
What are the causes of deviant behaviour among
secondary school students in Olorunsogo local government of oyo state, Nigeria
by school type?
3.
What are causes of deviant behaviour among secondary
school students in Olorunsogo local government of oyo state, Nigeria by gender?
4.
What are the causes of deviant behaviour among
secondary school students in Olorunsogo local government of oyo state, Nigeria
by school location?
5.
What are the effects of deviant behaviour among secondary
school students in Olorunsogo local government of oyo state, Nigeria?
The
following null-hypotheses were tested for the study:
Ho1:
There is no significant difference between school types and students’ deviant
behaviour in Olorunsogo local government of oyo state, Nigeria
Ho2:
There is no significant gender difference in students’ deviant behaviour in Olorunsogo
local government of oyo state, Nigeria
Ho3:
There is no significant difference in school location and students deviant
behaviour in Olorunsogo local government of oyo state, Nigeria
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will be of significance to the principals, headmasters, and teachers
in the schools on the upbringing of the student or child because they have
correct dealing with the parent because it will help them know the factors that
enhance students’ performance in the school whether he or she is doing well and
to provide necessary materials needed by the teachers.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research was initially meant to cover all the secondary schools in Olorunsogo
local government of oyo state. But due to factors such as time, and finances,
it was limited to selected schools in olorunsogo local government of olorunsogo
local government of oyo state.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Deviant: The act of deviating from the norms
of a particular people, society or school
Behaviour: This is the way a person, animal,
plant or chemical substance etc behaves or function a particular
situation.
Truancy: the practice of staying away from
school without permission
School administration: this is a formalized system which
plan, coordinate, organizes, staffing, reporting and evaluating of all matters
of the entire school affairs.
Frustrated: unable to be successful in a
particular career.
Academic Performances: The scores an individual obtains in
a class test or examination based on his learning experiences in school.
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Item Type: Project Material | Size: 60 pages | Chapters: 1-5
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