ABSTRACT
This research work is a comparative study of patterns of
international news coverage among three Nigerian national dailies: This Day,
Punch and The Guardian newspapers between January 2013 and
January 2014. The study adopted content analysis method, using Stemple’s 1952
continuous and constructed week pattern to draw a sample of 42 additions of the
selected newspapers from a population of 1,095 issues. Code sheet was used as
instrument of data collection, whereas, a reliability coefficient of categories
were based on prior literature contents categories. The validity of the
instrument was ascertained by the supervisor and two other professionals in
Department of Curriculum & Measurement, Faculty of Education, University of
Nigeria, Nsukka. The findings showed that: (i) Each of the chosen newspapers
gave coverage to foreign news, meanwhile, Punch gave greatest attention,
it was followed by The Guardian and This Day newspaper which gave
the least coverage. (ii) Majority of the newspapers’ reportage on
foreign news was in the straight news genre. (iii) When compared to local news
reportage, there was inadequate coverage of foreign news among the selected
papers. The study concludes that, significantly, the newspapers did not give
adequate coverage to foreign news either selectively or collectively. This,
drawn the inference that Nigeria newspaper within the study period, failed in
performing their role of informing, & educating the people on matters
pertaining to foreign news. The researcher recommends that newspapers in
Nigeria should show readers the importance of foreign news since the world is
increasing compressing into a global system of connectedness by better foreign
news coverage.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Table of Contents
List of Tables
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6. Scope of the Study
1.7 Definition of Terms
References
CHAPTER TWO:
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Conceptual Review
2.1.1 History of Newspaper in
Nigeria
2.1.2 Mass Media
2.1.3 Newspaper
2.1.4 International
Communication
2.1.5 Imbalance in
Communication
2.2 Empirical Review
2.3 Theoretical Framework
2.4 Summary of Literature Review
References
CHAPTER THREEE:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Population of the Study
3.3 Units of Analysis
3.4 Sample Size
3.5 Content Categories
3.6 Measuring Instrument
3.7 Validity of Instrument
3.8 Reliability
3.9 Coding of Content
3.10 Inter-Coder Reliability
3.11 Data Presentation and Analysis
References
CHAPTER FOUR:
RESULT AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
Data Presentation and
Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE:
SUMMARY/CONCLUSION/ RECOMMENDATION
Summary
Conclusion
Limitations of the study
Recommendation
REFERENCES
Appendixes
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study
In public debates
as well as in communication research, the media in every country, educate,
entertain and inform the citizens about local and foreign affairs. Citizens
rely on the newspaper- as their major source of news, particularly news of
events outside their immediate community. Based on the information obtained
from their local media, they acquire knowledge, create images, get wisdom and
form opinions about nations and their institutions Boulding, (1969), as cited
in Pate (1992). This has made international communication a big deal than it
ever has been (Gudykunist & Mody,, 2002, p.15, as cited in Udeze, 2014.
p.3).Countries all over the world can no longer hide away, without the
satellite of international media beaming on them. Literatures have shown that,
international communication is more essential than it has ever been in the
past, Hachten, (1999), p.2, as cited in Udeze (2014). Countries the world over
cannot exist in isolation If they want to grow socially, politically,
economically and otherwise. In fact, foreign news does not end at informing and
educating the citizens but also legitimizes the interest and involvement of the
country’s government in international affairs.
This is why
a newspaper of a particular country would tend to report news of certain
countries more than others. According to Mowlana (1989) as cited in Pate (1992,
p.61) countries reportage differ because of economic, political,
social–cultural, infrastructural developments. He suggested that, if a nation
and its media are economically buoyant, the buoyancy will be reflected in the
quantity and distribution of foreign news in their newspaper publications.
He also outlined
that political interests of a country will undoubtedly betray the behaviour of
the national media. For example, the foreign policy of a country is likely to
Before now, the
need for interdependency has been one of the cardinal principles of human
societies. The quest for the satisfaction of human’s numerous wants
increasingly intensifies the need for interdependency. Indeed, the early
colonial explorations of Africa paved way for interaction across countries.
With the scramble and partition of 1884 and 1885, the African continent was
divided among western nations. Chuba (2000) states that international
communication was still made possible through various means of transportation
that existed at the time. He opined that newspapers and magazines were
distributed across territorial frontiers on horseback and sailing ship. The
steam ship and the train were later invented and used to facilitate relations
among nations. He explained further that international communication was
hastened by Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press in 1740. The invention
of the printing press enable travellers to carry news sheets relating to events
happening from one country to another. Available literature reveals that the
emergence of newspapers in Nigeria was facilitated by an Anglican Missionary,
Rev. Henry Townsend who established the first newspaper, Iwe Iroyin in 1859 at
Abeokuta. His motives were to combine of religion, education, economic, social
and cultural matters with a view to penetrating and influencing the Yoruba
speaking community. Other factors that later contributed to the evolution and
growth of the press in Nigeria includes the increased literacy level and the
later consciousness of some African intellectuals whose awakened interests in
social, political, economic matters fuelled a renewed zeal to contribute to national
and international discourse through the mass media, Sobowale, (1985).This is
why, Okunna, (2000) as cited in Owolabi, 2013) maintains that without constant
flow of vital information for economic progress, national development is bound
to be stagnated (246).
Nigerian mass media
have been described as a product of nationalist struggle (Osoet al 2011.
Omu, (1978) who disagreed with Oso, maintains that the missionary activists in
West African Coast, beginning from Freetown was actually the bedrock of
media evolution in Nigeria. Tador (1996) as cited in Owolabi (2013) classifies
the development of the Nigerian media into three categories. The early press
(1860-1920); National press (1929-1960); and Contemporary press (1960-till date)
while Ogunsiji (1989) as cited in Owolabi (2013) argued that, the history of
the Nigerian media can be classified into: The era of missionary journalism
(1846-1863), the era of alien dominated press (1863-1960) and the new era
(1960-till date).
Similarly, the
media industry has witnessed tremendous progress in terms of expansion,
coverage, technology, personnel and managerial capability. According to Ukonu
(2006) as cited in Owolabi (2013), the electronic press era is witnessing
breath taking improvements in the mode of message gathering, storage,
retrieval, packaging and dissemination. The print media are also circulating at
electronic speed through the satellite and computer-aided technologies thus
making the entire world a global village. The usual pattern of small scale sole
proprietorship where the editor alone determines the outlook and editorial
focus of the paper has given way for partnership in the running and management
of the media (Azegbeni 2006). It is also worthy to note that the spread of
media houses due to improved literacy level, political awareness are perceived
economic advantages of the media business, which has given birth to more
outfits across the six geo-political zones of Nigeria. Nigeria presently has a
total number of over 152 radio stations, 116 TV stations, 40 cable stations,
143 newspaper and 25 magazines (Wogu 2006; Odeh 2007 as cited in Owolabi 2013)
247..
Furthermore,
newspaper coverage pattern of foreign news, can be examined from the point of
view of the functions of mass media in every society. These functions were....
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