ABSTRACT
This research work was carried on “Audience Assessment of
the Influence of Broadcast Campaigns against Environmental Pollution in Ebonyi
State” to know the influence of environmental campaigns among the residents of
Ebonyi State. In conducting the research, explanatory mixed design was adopted
in eliciting quantitative and qualitative data through survey and in-depth
interview methods. Questionnaire was used in generating quantitative data while
interview guide guided the in-depth interview through which qualitative data
was elicited. The population of the study was 2,176,947 from which the sample
size of 385 was made through Australian calculator. After the analysis of data
with the returned 380 copies of questionnaire, it was found that the people of
Ebonyi State are highly exposed to broadcast campaigns against environmental
pollution. The people are aware of the implications of pollution and more
campaigns are needed. It was also found that the people are knowledgeable about
the campaign and many people have been influenced by the campaign to behave in
environmental friendly manners. Finally, the level of acceptance of the
campaign has made the people to spend much time in consuming the campaign.
Based on the result of this study, the researcher recommended network of
environmental campaign across the country, consistency of campaigns, the use of
indigenous language and introduction of environmental education at secondary
school level, as the way forward to combating environmental pollution.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6 Scope of the Study
1.7 Operational Definition of Terms
References
CHAPTER TWO:
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Focus of the Review
2.1 Environmental Pollution
2.2 Types of Pollution
2.3 Effects of Pollution
2.4 Broadcast Campaigns against Environmental Pollution
2.5 Empirical Review
2.6 Theoretical Framework
References
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
3.3 Research Population
3.3 Sample Size
3.4 Sampling Technique
3.5 Sampling Techniques for Interview
3.6 Instruments for Data Collection
3.7 Method of Instruments Administration
3.8 Validity and Reliability of the Instrument
3.9 Method of Data Analysis
References
CHAPTER FOUR:
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Quantitative Analysis
4.1.1 Response Rate
4.1.2 Demographic
Characteristics of Respondents
4.1.3 Analysis of
Psychographic Data
4.2 Qualitative Analysis
4.3 Discussion of Findings
References
CHAPTER FIVE:
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the Study
Environmental pollution is one
of the major challenges facing countries of the world, especially the third
world countries. The issue of environmental maintenance has become a prominent,
complex and multidimensional case on the public policy agenda of different
nations and international organizations. Environmental conservation,
protection, sanitation and management now occupy the centre- stage in the
corporate growth and survival policies of most business and non-business
organizations (Anatsui and Adekanye, 2015, p.2). This global trend or focus on
environment can be traced to United Nations Conference on the Environment
(UNCE) held in Stockholm, Sweden in 1972. It drew the attention to many
unfortunate consequences that arise from human and corporate neglect or abuse
of the environment and warned that the environment should no longer be taken
for granted and too that deliberate concrete actions should be taken by
individuals and corporate organizations to conserve, protect, renew and
maintain a healthy environment for continued human survival, growth and
development (Anatsui and Adekanye, 2015, p. 2).
In Nigeria, environmental
issues did not gain official prominence until 1988 Koko Toxic Waste Dumping
Saga which also brought to the fore the exigent need to establish the Nigeria
Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), Federal Ministry of Environment
and other relevant agencies ostensibly to tackle environmentally related issues
(Ityavyar and Thomas 2015, p. 2). This is because, these days, the issue of
environmental pollution is no longer perceived as a mere ecological problem of
relating a man with his environment. It has been extended to all ramifications
of life, ranging from sociological, political, psychological, development,
economic, cultural and scientific aspects of human endeavor (Ogbuene, 2010, p.
3). Environmental problem can manifest in different forms, and its effect
threatens the
The effort to tackle
environmental pollution increased in 1992 after noticing the dangers associated
with it, such as lack of joy, social disorder, confusion, disease outbreak,
epidemics, sudden death, unhealthy living, short life span, poor economy,
drought, famine, bleak future, and so on (Anatsui and Adekanye 2015, p. 5). In
the words of Aghamelu, Nnabo and Eze (2010, p. 2), there are many natural
causes of environmental pollution but human activities contribute in no small
amount of it. Such human activities include poor management of sewage, extraction
of natural resources in an unprofessional manner, over-exploitation of natural
resources, over grazing, deforestation, poor irrigation system, lack of
drainage facilities, poor development plan, bush burning among others.
There is a great need to create
awareness among the members of the society on the need to protect the
environment. According to Hannah (2002, p. 7), the most important landmark for
environmental pollution education at an international level was the
International Conference on Environmental Education (ICEE) for the masses on
how to achieve environmental safety in the society organized by UNESCO and UNEP
at Tbilisi in former USSR in 1977. Environmental education deals with producing
citizenry that is knowledgeable concerning the biophysical and its associated
problems.
Hannah (2012) also
maintains that “the goals of environmental education were defined as creating
environmental awareness and impart general knowledge for basic
The environment has been at
receiving end with many consequences of the excesses of man in his struggle for
survival. It is the complex weave of physical, chemical and biotic factors that
interact with each other and bring out impact on all living things and their
surroundings. It is a life supporting system for human existence and survival
and as well provides requirement for socio economic progress (UNDP 2001).
Environment is the basic source of economy that must be protected and well
managed. All the efforts directed at managing the environment is to ensure
biological diversity on earth, which humans are the prime species in the
society. Wrongful manipulation of environment introduces hazards that make the
environment unsafe and impede the productivity rate of the workers (Effect of
Work Environment, para. 3). (Eze, 2010, p. 6) maintains that the biodegradable
items increase biological oxygen demand thereby producing foul smelling gases
such as methane CH4, ammonia NH3 and hydrogen sulphide H2S. The water surface
and entire surrounding of such area is degraded.
Nigeria is a country with a
productive and diverse ecosystem, such as mangrove,
rainforest, swamp, savannah and wetland. Ebonyi State is an
important agricultural, industrial and commercial area which needs much
environmental attention. The major occupations of Ebonyi People are farming,
fishing, quarrying, trading, mining, palm producing and so on. Most of those
things are practiced in an unprofessional manner, thus....
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