ABSTRACT
The study is undertaken to unveil how team management could be used as effective tool for organizational performance in selected higher institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria. However, the specific objectives of the study were to ascertain the effect of (i) participative leadership of team management on goal attainment (ii) shared responsibility in team management on workers morale (iii) alignment of purpose on employee satisfaction (iv)communication in team management on control over organizational environment. The literature was reviewed along the line of conceptual framework, theoretical framework and empirical review. The study adopted descriptive survey design in which three (3) Institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria were studied. (vis-á-vis IMT, Enugu, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) and Enugu State College of Education (Technical). The population of the study was 1605 and the sample size of 963 was obtained using Cochran sample size estimation formula 92005). The sampling selection was stratified sampling method; research instrument used for the study was self-developed structured questionnaire in five point Likert scale, and oral interview guide. Data collected were presented descriptively using tables, frequencies and percentages. The ability test was by Pearson Product Movement Correlation coefficient. The test of hypotheses were performed using simple regression. The major findings of the study were that: participative leadership positively affect organizational goal attainment (r = 36.64, p < 1.96,). Shared responsibility to a large extent significantly affect workers; morale (r = 90.97, p < 1.96). There is positive effect of communication on control over organizational environment (r = 86.64, p < 1.96). The work concludes that team Management has become a veritable tool for organizations that is seeking for improvement in their current developmental status and intend to achieve leadership height in its operating environment. Further, effective and efficient team management remains a tool for establishments seeking and striving to operate in a competitive world. The study recommend that: institutions of higher learning should embrace team development by applying practical skill/strategies to maximize team performance; team work approach should be adopted by higher institutions and other organizations as an integral concept within their organizations, particularly as interventionist strategy to management of situations. Team members should be exposed to several training and development strategies necessary for effective team performance; such areas includes knowledge based competencies like cue strategy associations team mate characteristics, accurate and shared task model and task sequencing and skill based competencies- Adaptability situational awareness. Communications are decision making. Organizations should adequately motivate teams with juicy incentive and rewards to enable them operate efficiently and optimally for the achievement of organizational goals.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract
List of Tables
List of Figures
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1.6 Significance Of The Study
1.7 The Scope of the Study
1.8 Limitation of the Study
1.9 Operational Definitions of Terms
1.10 Brief Profile of Selected Institutions Under Studied
References
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Conceptual Framework
2.2.1 Concept of Team
2.2.2 Groups and Teams Differentiated
2.2.3 Team Management
2.2.4 Features of Team Management
2.2.5 Teamwork in Organization and Type
2.2.6 Organizational Performance
2.2.7 Purpose of Performance Management
2.3 Theoretical Framework
2.3.1 Teams and Quality Management
2.3.2 Team Building
2.3.3 Strategies for Building Teams
2.3.4 Team Development Stages
2.3.5 Strategies for Building and Managing Teams for Optimum Performance
2.3.6 Impact of Team Building Strategies
2.3.7 Implementation of Team Building Strategies
2.3.8 The Goal of Team Building
2.3.9 Goal Setting In Teams
2.3.10 Problem Solving Team Contrasted With Work Team
2.4 Empirical Review
2.4.1. Effect of Participative Leadership on Goal Attainment
2.4.2 Shared Responsibility on Workers’ Morale
2.4.3 Alignment of Purpose on Employee Satisfaction
2.4.4 Communication on Control Over Organizational Environment
2.5 Summary of Reviewed Literature
2.6 Gaps in the Literature on Team Management as a Tool for
Organizational Performance
References
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Sources of Data
3.2.1 Primary Sources
3.2.2 Secondary Sources
3.3 Population of the Study
3.4 Sample Size Determination and Sample Technology
3.5 Research Instrument
3.6 Validity of the Instrument
3.7 Reliability of the Instrument
3.8 Model Specification
3.9 Method of Data Analysis
References
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data Presentation
4.2 Discussion of Results Findings
References
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, DECISION OF RESULTS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Contribution to Knowledge
5.5 Suggestion for Further Research
Bibliography
Appendix
Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The human resources is unique in yet another significant way. This study is considering how effective human resources management constitutes an essential ingredient for harmonizing and seeking to match the expectations needs and objectives of the employees, with those of the organization on a continuous basis. In view of this development, organizational life requires at least some degree of co-ordination through operation of groups and team work. Teams are increasingly becoming the primary means for organizing work in contemporary organization. Robins and Judge (2007:306) state that understanding of the nature, impact of groups and teams and their effects is vital if the manager is to influence the behavior of the people in the work situation. Therefore mangers must be aware of the impact of groups and teams and their effects on organizational performance.
Mahajam (2011:486) state that a team is a small number of people with complementary skills, who are committed to common purpose, a set of performance goal, and an approach for which they hold themselves accountable. Team building and team management is very necessary as many tasks can only be completed successfully by cooperating with others. Good communication with the team is vital to ensure common understanding; contribution of every person is valued and trusted. Besides, team members have responsibilities which include supporting, encouraging each other, demonstrating trust and respect. Teams are more successful in implementing complex plans, develop more creative solutions to difficult problems, they develop the saving approach to problem solving. This is why we have a popular saying that “two good heads are better than one”. Nelson and Quick (2005:178) differentiates between groups and teams by stating that all work teams are groups, but not all groups are work team, Groups emphasize individual leadership, individual accountability, and individual work products. Work teams emphasize shared leadership, mutual accountability and collective work product.
Mahajam (2011:487) agrees that a group is essentially an assemblage of two or more persons who interact with one another, are psychologically aware of one another, and think of themselves as a group while a team is a group whose members influence one another toward the accomplishment of individual work whereas members of a team are collectively responsible for team work. Organizations are restructuring themselves to compete more effectively and efficiently, they have turned to teams as a better way to use employees’ talent.
Ilgen (1999:199) says that team efforts are required in many organizations (example; government agencies, aviation operations, military organizations, schools, police departments, sports institutions and hospitals) to meet their missions and goals. Boone and Kurtz (2005:349) confirms that team work is vital in business and many other areas. Teams can perform difficult and complex tasks, motivate their members effectively, and in some cases outperform individuals (Foushee 1984:162) than in the culture that is highly individualistic. Orasanu and Fisher (1997:216) agree that teams can be more productive, make better decisions than individuals. Teams can be a powerful organizational tools when organized, designed and managed correctly.(Guzzo and Dickson 1996), Ugbam,(2011:336) is of the opinion that teams emerge when a number of people have common goal and recognize that their personal success is dependent on the success of others. According to Mclntyre and Salas (1995), team work is a critical component of team performance and requires an explanation of how a team behaves. They mention fours keys behavioral characteristics that compose teamwork as follows:
(a) Performance monitoring
(b) Feedback
(c) Closed-loop communication
(d) Back-up behaviors
Teams have emerged as the corner stone of many organizations in recent times, and organizations are restructuring themselves to compete more effectively and efficiently. Oluwole (2010:14) asserts that working together as a team for common purpose is the foundation of all successful management and also that a true team is a living, constantly changing force in which a number of people come together to work. Robbins and Judge (2007:338) are of the view that teams have the capability to quickly assemble, deploy, refocus and disband. By this nature of team, management has found that teams are flexible and responsive to changing than are traditional departments or other forms of permanent groupings. Team is an important consideration in employee recruitment and training because it encourages employee to pool their talents and ideas to achieve more than they could achieve working as individual (Kreitner and Kinicki, 2004:447). The essence of a team is common commitment and work teams are created for various purposes and thus face different challenges. Manager’s can deal more effectively with those challenges when they understand how teams differ. Sundstron, DeMeuse and Futrell (1990:125) list four general types of work teams as; advice, production, action and project teams. They maintain that each of these work teams identifies a basic purpose as thus; Advice Team- generally make recommendations, in contrast production and action teams carry out management decisions while project teams are involved in problem solving and application of specialized knowledge......
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