For more Crop Protection Project click here
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Abstract
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Justification
1.2 Objectives
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 Cultivation
Requirements
2.2 Botanical
Description of Jatropha
2.3 World
Jatropha Production Pattern
2.4 Uses
of Jatropha
2.5 Plant
Parasitic Nematodes
2.6 Jatropha
Pests and Diseases Status
2.7 Disease
Complexes Involving Root-Knot Nematodes and Jatropha
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS
AND METHODS
3.1 Determination
of Nematodes Associated with Jatropha Accessions
3.1.1 Survey of Jatropha farms
3.1.2 Extraction and identification of nematode genera associated with
Jatropha
3.2 Determination
of Absolute Frequency, Prominence Value and Index of Similarity
3.3 Determination
of Pathogenicity of the Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
3.4 Data
Collection
3.5 Data
Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER SIX
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Summary
6.2 Conclusion
6.3 Recommendations
REFERENCES
Appendix
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to determine the genera, frequency and
prominence value of plant parasitic nematodes associated with Jatropha
curcas accessions in Sabon Gari, Kudan, Giwa and Zaria Local Government
Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria in 2013. Using systematic random method of
sampling, 72 soil and root samples were collected from the Jatropha plant
stands, and nematodes extracted from the samples using the sieving and
decanting and modified Baermann pan methods. Twenty-four genera of
plant-parasitic nematodes were recorded in all the locations. Plant-parasitic
nematodes recovered includes Scutellonema, Hoplolaimus, Pratylenchus,
Aphelenchus, Meloidogyne, Tylenchoryhnchus, Rotylenchus, Longidorus,
Helicotylenchus, Paratylenchus Heterodera Xiphinema, Tylenchus, Criconemoides,
Hemicycliophora, Aphelenchoides, Tetylenchus, Trichodorus, Dorylaimus,
Tylenchulus, Telotylenchus, Pratylenchoides, Telotylenchoides, and
Rotylenchoides. The most prominent nematode from the soil were Scutellonema
with prominence value of 81.09, followed by
Meloidogyne and Rotylenchus with
prominence values of 46.50 and 39.60 respectively, and from the roots, Scutellonema,
Meloidogyne and Rotylenchus with prominence values of 77.15, 50.93
and 26.94, respectively. Scutellonema, Tylenchus and
Meloidogyne were the most
abundant nematodes from the soil with frequency values of 97.22%, 95.83%
and 86.11% respectively, while Meloidogyne, Scutellonema, and
Pratylenchus were
the most abundant nematodes from the root with frequency values of 55.56%,
34.72% and 25.00% respectively,
Reaction of Jatropha curcas accessions;
IARJAT2009020, IARJAT2009011, IARJAT2009041 and IARJAT2009016 to infection with
2000 eggs of Meloidogyne incognita was evaluated under controlled
environmental conditions in Samaru. There was no significant differences
at P=0.05 between the four accessions with respect to number of galls/ root at 8 weeks after inoculation and final
nematode population count. IARJAT2009016 had the highest galls/ root 10.0
followed by IARJAT2009041with 6.67 galls/ root. However, final population count
had IARJAT2009011with 37.27 followed by IARJAT2009016, 28.11 and lowest
population 13.50 obtained on IARJAT2009041. Although plant parasitic nematodes
were found to be associated with Jatropha curcas on the surveyed areas
the pathogenicity test has shown that Meloidogyne incognita is not
pathogenic on the Jatropha curcas accessions used. These accessions
(IARJAT2009020, IARJAT2009011, IARJAT2009041 and IARJAT2009016) therefore may
be used to manage Meloidogyne incognita infected soils in a mixed crop
combination.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
The term “Jatropha” is usually used to refer to the species Jatropha
curcas, although there are approximately 170 known species of the plant
(Dehgan, 1984), they include
Jatropha integerrima, Jatropha cardiophylla, Jatropha
cathartica, Jatropha cinerea, Jatropha cuneata, Jatropha podagrica and
Jatropha curcas. It originated from Central America (Jongschaap et
al., 2007). It was introduced to Africa and Asia and cultivated world-wide
in many parts of the tropics and subtropics where it is grown as a hedge crop
and for traditional use (Heller, 1996; Kumar and Sharma, 2008). Jatropha
curcas is the most common species recorded in Nigeria. Names used to
describe the plant vary per region or country. It is most commonly known as
“Physic nut”. In Nigeria it is known as “cinidazugu” “wuluidi” and “lapalapa”
in Hausa Igbo and Yoruba languages respectively (Blench, 2007).
Jatropha curcas is a member of the
family Euphorbiaceae, a large drought-resistant multipurpose shrub with
several attributes and considerable potential and has evoked interest all over
the tropics as a potential biofuel crop (Jones and Miller, 1991; Openshaw,
2000). J. curcas has a straight trunk with thick branchlets. It has
green leaves with a length and width of 6 cm to 15 cm. Five roots are formed
from seeds: one tap root and 4 lateral roots and cuttings do not develop a
taproot (Heller, 1996). The branches contain whitish latex, which causes brown
stains that are difficult to remove. The fruits is about 40 mm length and
contains 3 seeds (on average), which look like black beans with similar
dimensions, of about 18 mm long and 10 mm wide. The seed coats constitute about
35~40% of the total seeds (www.jartropha.org). The plant and its seeds are
toxic to animals and humans and are therefore used worldwide as hedges to.....
For more Crop Protection Project click here
____________________________________________________________________________
This is a Postgraduate Thesis and the complete
research material plus questionnaire and references can be obtained at an
affordable price of N3,000 within Nigerian or its equivalent in other currencies.
INSTRUCTION ON HOW TO GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT MATERIAL
Kindly pay/transfer a total
sum of N3,000 into any of our
Bank Accounts listed below:
·
Diamond
Bank Account:
A/C Name: Haastrup
Francis
A/C No.: 0096144450
·
GTBank Account:
A/C Name: Haastrup
Francis
A/C No.: 0029938679
After payment, send
your desired Project Topic, Depositor’s Name, and your Active
E-Mail Address to which the material would be sent for downloading (you can
request for a downloading link if you don’t have an active email address) to
+2348074521866 or +2348066484965. You can as well give us a direct phone call
if you wish to. Projects materials are sent in Microsoft format to your mail within 30 Minutes once payment is confirmed.
--------------------------------------------------------
N/B:
By ordering for our material means you
have read and accepted our Terms and Conditions
Terms
of Use: This is an academic paper. Students
should NOT copy our materials word to word, as we DO NOT encourage Plagiarism.
Only use as guide in developing your original research work.
Delivery Assurance
We are trustworthy and can never SCAM you. Our success story
is based on the love and fear for God plus constant referrals from our clients
who have benefited from our site. We deliver project materials to your Email
address within 15-30 Minutes depending on how fast your payment is acknowledged
by us.
Quality Assurance
All
research projects, Research Term Papers and Essays on this site are well
researched, supervised and approved by lecturers who are intellectuals in their
various fields of study.
