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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to
the Study
1.2 Problem
Statement
1.3 Objectives of
the study
1.4 Hypothesis
1.5 Justification
of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 World
production and International Trade in Rice
2.2 Rice
production in Nigeria
2.3 Rice growing
systems in tropical Africa
2.4 Uses of Rice
2.5 Irrigated rice
production schemes in Nigeria
2.6 Agricultural
Productivity
2.6.1 Input-output
resource productivity
2.6.2 Efficiency in
agricultural production
2.6.3 Measurement of
production efficiency
2.7 Profitability
Analysis
2.7.1 Measurement of
profitability in agriculture
2.8 Stochastic
Frontier Production function (SFPF)
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Description of
the study Area
3.2 Sampling size
and sampling Technique
3.3 Method of Data
Collection
3.4 Analytical
Framework
3.4.1 Descriptive Statistics
3.4.2 Regression
analysis
3.4.3 The stochastic
frontier production function analysis
3.4.4 Estimation of
resource use efficiency
3.4.5 Gross margin
analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Socio-economic
Characteristics of the Respondents in the study area
4.1.1 Age
Distribution
4.1.2 Farming
experience
4.1.3 Household size
4.1.4 Educational
level of the respondents
4.1.5 Distribution of
respondents based on farm size
4.1.6 Mode of land
acquisition
4.1.7 Extension
Contact
4.1.8 Amount of
credit obtained
4.1.9 Years of
membership of cooperative
4.2 Socio-economic
characteristics of irrigated rice producers that influence output of irrigated
rice in Kura LGA
4.2.1 Test of
hypothesis I
4.3 Input and
output levels in irrigated ice production in Kura LGA
4.3.1 Input level
4.3.2 Yield
4.4.1 Estimation of
technical and resource use efficiency of irrigated rice production
4.4.2 Estimated
Stochastic frontier cost functions
4.4.3 Distribution of
technical, allocative and economic efficiencies estimates
4.4.4 Frequency
distribution of technical efficiency estimates
4.4.5 Distribution of
irrigated rice farmers according to allocative efficiency estimates
4.4.6 Distribution of
irrigated rice farmers according to economic efficiency estimates
4.5 Estimates of
resource use efficiency
4.6 Costs and
returns of irrigated rice production in Kura LGA of Kano State
4.7 Constraints
associated with irrigated rice production in the study area
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY,
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Contribution
of the study to knowledge
REFERENCES
ABSTRACT
The main focus of the study is on economic analysis of
irrigated rice production in Kura local government area of Kano State, Nigeria.
The Research was carried out in 10 selected villages in Kura local government
area. The 10 villages were selected from the 26 villages in the local
government and 10% of the farmers in each of the selected 10 villages were used
as respondents. The study made use of primary data, collected through
structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression model,
gross margin analysis were used as analytical tools. Farmers’ average age was
found to be 43 years which represents an opportunity for more active years in
the study area. The study revealed that farmers have 5 household size on the
average. Farmers experience in cultivation of rice was an average of 25 years
in the study area. Furthermore, land acquisition for the cultivation of rice is
largely through inheritance with average farm size of 1.18 hectares. Most
farmers do not have contact with extension agents and also about 42% of farmers
have had access to credit between the ranges of ₦1000 to ₦10,000. About 73% of
the farmers do not belong to any cooperative membership.
Farmers’ age, farming experience, farm size and credit if
increased will lead to increase in output of rice. This average seed rate was
about 11.18% - 28.94% lower than recommended rate of 80-100 kilogramme/hectare.
Also, the inorganic fertilizer used was an average of 381.4kg/hectare which is
lower than the recommended 730kg/hectare. The output level was however at an
average of 6,516.95kg/hectare which is higher than the expected 3-6tonnes. Farm
size, seed, fertilizer and agro chemicals were positive factors of production.
Labour was negative which implies that an increase in the use of labour would
decrease farm output. The sum of the elasticities of production of the five
variable inputs was 1.055, indicating increasing returns to scale. The total
variable inputs (seed, labour, fertilizer and agro-chemical) was estimated to
be N142, 844.70/hectare. The gross farm return was N391, 017/ hectare. The
gross margin per hectare was therefore, N248, 172.30. Late discharge of water,
high cost of fertilizer and poor price at harvest time ranked highest in that
order in the list of constraints faced by farmers in the study area. It was
concluded that the production of irrigated rice was found to be profitable and
has the potential of contributing to improved livelihoods of the farmers in the
study area. It was therefore recommended that the Government should liaise with
the appropriate authorities for decisions on water release schedule in
consultation with farmers.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
Rice has been an important food for most people in
sub-Saharan Africa particularly West Africa where the consumption of cereals
mainly sorghum and millet has decreased while that of rice has increased as a
result of shift in consumers’ preference, urbanization and increase in
population. Rice is notably palatable and can digest easily (Cadoni and
Angelucci, 2013). It is grown approximately on 3.7 million hectares of land in
Nigeria, covering 10.6% of the 35 million hectares of land under cultivation,
out of a total arable land area of 70 million hectares (Cadoni and Angelucci,
2013). Where 77% of the farmed area of rice is rain-fed, of which 47% is
lowland and 30 percent upland (Cadoni and Angelucci, 2013). The range of grown
varieties is diverse and includes both local (such as Dias, Santana, Ashawa,
Yarsawaba, and Yarkuwa) and enhanced varieties of traditional African rice
(such as NERICA) (Bayou 2009).
In Nigeria, demand for rice had been increasing at a much
faster rate than in any other African countries since mid-1970 (FAO, 2001).
Nigeria consumes 50 percent of the total 10 million metric tons of rice for
which only 3 million metric tons is produced in Africa (Oryza marked report –
Nigeria, 2004). Furthermore, during the 1960s, Nigeria had the lowest per
capita annual consumption of rice in the West Africa sub region with an annual
average of 3kg. Since then, Nigeria per capital consumption levels have grown
significantly at 7.3 percent per annum (PCU, 2002). Consequently, per capital
consumption during the 1980s average 18kg and reached 22kg in 1995 to 2000. In
an apparent move to respond to the increase in per capita consumption of rice,
local production increased at an average of 9.3 percent per annum....
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