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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
1.2 Problem
Statement and Justification of Research
1.3 Aim and
Objectives
1.4 Scope of the
Study
1.5 Limitations of
the Study
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Overview
2.2 Mechanism of
Stress Distribution
2.3 Elastic State
2.4 Mechanical
Properties of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic
2.5 Material
Properties of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic
2.6 Challenges in
the Design of Fibre Composite Structures
2.7 Review
of Existing Guidelines Design: Philosophy on FRP Reinforced Concrete Structures
2.7.1 European design guidelines
2.7.2 Japanese design guidelines
2.7.3 Canadian design guidelines
2.7.4 American design guidelines
2.8 Optimization
Methods in Fibre Composite Structural Design
2.8.1 Concept of optimization
2.8.2 Structural optimization problem
2.8.3 Significance of optimization
2.8.4 Application of optimization
2.8.5 Multi-objective optimization
2.8.6 Multi-modal optimization
2.9 Design
Sensitivity Analysis (DSA)
2.10 Reliability Based Design Optimization (RBDO)
2.11 Beam
2.11.1 Lateral-torsional buckling in simply supported
pultruded beams
2.12 Structural Reliability
CHAPTER THREE: ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
3.1 Reliability Concept
3.2 Structural
Reliability Method
3.3 Limit State Functions
3.3.1 Bending criterion and applied load
3.4 Stochastic
Finite Element Method
3.5 Finite Element
Analysis
3.5.1 Model assumptions
3.5.2 Modeling the CFRP pultruded beam using ABAQUS 6.10-1
3.5.3 Material properties input data for models and flow
chart modeling for FEM
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Model Geometry
Description and Loading /boundary condition on the Beam
4.2 Finite Element
Analysis using ABAQUS 6.10 CAE
4.3 Stress and
Deformation Pattern in Model 1
4.4 Stress and
Deformation Pattern in Model 2
4.5 Stress and
Deformation Pattern in Model 3
4.6 Stress and
Deformation Pattern in Model 4
4.7 Stress and
Deformation Pattern in Model 5
4.8 Stress and
Deformation Pattern in Model 6
4.9 Reliability
Result from FORM5 for Flexure Failure
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDENCES
ABSTRACT
Six Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) pultruded beam
section from The Pultex® Pultrusion Design Manual Volume 4 - Revision 8
Copyright © 2004 by Creative Pultrusions Inc., were assumed to be simply
supported doubly symmetric I-section, with uniformly distributed load of 3.5kN/m2
applied over the length of 3.050m each. A comparative analysis of
section modulus effect under the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) and
allowable stress design (ASD) was considered based on computer program using
FORM5 and ABAQUS 6.10 CAE that was used to generate results for reliability and
finite element analysis respectively. Safety indices generated for reliability
analysis from FORM5 based on load and resistance factor design (LRFD) and
allowable stress design (ASD) format by varying load ratio and section modulus
was analyzed. The general conclusion from the results are that, the safety of
all the beam section increased with increase in section modulus by average of
1.1% for both load and resistance factor design (LRFD) and allowable stress
design (ASD) format. The implication of this is that, when the load and
resistance factor design (LRFD) and allowable stress design (ASD) design format
is employed, the reserved elastic moment of the carbon fibre reinforced plastic
(CFRP) beams are fully utilized, with the possibility of the beam reaching its
full elastic moment at higher loading, hence section modulus can be reduced,
that would result in lower beam section. Also for finite element analysis (FEA)
considered using ABAQUS 6.10 CAE in which the stresses, displacement, strain on
the carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) pultruded beams obtained are
analyzed and graphically presented and based on the design parameters, the
deformation and the Von Mises stress distribution obtained indicates that, the
field of high stress is only shown in Model 1 with 661.2N/mm2
which is minimal under the said load when compared to bending and tensile
strength of 3300N/mm2
for carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP).
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
Structures are designed and constructed to supply sufficient
capacity against vertical and lateral load demands with the purposes of
providing life safety and preventing collapse. However, many examples of
catastrophic results such as failure or damage of buildings, bridge piers,
etc., are seen all over the world. These can be due to intentionally or
unintentionally created deficiencies during service life and lack of control
that needs to be provided both at the design and construction stages (Ümit,
2007). By definition, Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) is a composite of two
material groups: (1) reinforcing fibre which provides the strength; and (2)
polymer resin matrix such as epoxy, to bind the reinforcements together (Nanni,
1999).
During the last two decades, Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
composite materials have seen a steady increase in their applications for
construction. They have been increasingly popular because of their advantages
over conventional construction materials including a high strength-to-weight
ratio, corrosion resistance leading to increased durability and lower
maintenance costs, and their ability to be pultruded into various shapes whose
mechanical properties can be custom-tailored for specific applications (Bank,
2006). However, significant barriers for wide-spread adoption still remain
which include their high initial cost, the lack of understanding of their
physical behaviour by practicing engineers, and the lack of a reliability based
on Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) standard governing their design
(Ellingwood, 2003)......
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