TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Plates
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Aims
and Objectives
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature
Review
2.1 History
of Disinfectants
2.2 About
Disinfectants
2.3 Sources
of Contamination of Surfaces
2.4 Types
of Disinfectants
2.5 Properties
of A Disinfectant
2.6 General
Features of Disinfectant
2.7 General
Features of the Test Organisms
2.9 Mechanism of Actions of Disinfectants
against Bacteria
2.10 Resistant
Action of Bacteria
2.11 Advantages
and Disadvantages of Disinfectants
2.12 General
Guidelines in the Use of Disinfectants
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Material
and Method
3.1 Isolation
of Bacteria
3.2 Identification
of Isolates
3.3 Preparation
of Disinfectants
3.4 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
(Using Kirby Bauer
Diffusion Assay Well Method)
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion
5.1 Recommendations
5.2 Conclusion
References
Appendix 1
Appendix II
Appendix
III
ABSTRACT
Ethanol, Bleach and Phenolics are
three kinds of disinfectants which have been widely used in common laboratories. In this study, a compared experiment on these
three disinfectants efficiency was conducted against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar hole
diffusion method. Different concentrations
of bleach (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) were used on both organisms. Also (50%, 60%, 70%, 85% and 95%) of ethanol
as well as (5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) Phenolics were used. Diffrences in concentrations tested was because, the
original concentrations of the disinfectants differs. After 24 hours of
incubation at 370C,
the results showed that all the disinfectants inhibited the growth of the test
organism in their concentrated forms.
The diameter of zone of inhibitions were measured around each well by
using a ruler in millimeters, using different concentrations, their efficacies
varied. The results showed that 30%
Phenolics had the best efficiency against both test organisms and 5% bleach had
a better effect on Staphylococcus aureus
than Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while
ethanol showed least sensitivity. 70% concentration gave the highest effect on Staphylococcus aureus as compared with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Microorganisms
are minute living things that individually are too small to be seen with the
unaided eyes (Tortora et al,
2007). Though only a minority of microorganisms
are pathogenic (disease producing), practical knowledge of microbes is
necessary for medicine and related health sciences. For example hospital workers must be able to
protect patients from common microbes that are normally harmless but pose a threat
to the sick and injured. Thousands of
people died in devastating epidemics; the cause of which was not
understood. Entire families died because
vaccination and antibiotics were not available to fight infection (Johnson and
Case, 1995). This leads to scientific
control of microbial growth. This began
only about 100 years ago. It was Pasteur’s
work on microorganism that led scientists to believe that microbes were a
possible cause of diseases and need to be eliminated or destroyed. Some examples off these microbes are; Bacteria,
fungi, viruses and protozoa etc (Tortora et al, 2007).
In
the mid 1800s, the Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmeliveis and English physician Joseph
Lister used these thoughts to develop some of the first microbial control
practice for medical...For more Microbiology & Biotechnology Project click here
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